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Objective To establish the quality standard of Compound Kangganling Granules. Methods TLC method was used for qualitative identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus, and HPLC method was used for determination of chlorogenic acid in the preparation. The HPLC separation was performed on Diamonsil C18 column. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.4%phosphoric acid (20∶80, V/V), and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results TLC identified chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and phillyrin in Forsythiae Fructus. The linear relationship of chlorogenic acid in the preparation measured by HPLC was A=30461C-5938.8, r=0.9998, RSD=1.01%, showing that the linear range of chlorogenic acid was 10.2-102.0μg/mL. Conclusion The method is accurate and rapid, with good stability, reliability and reproducibility, and can be used for the quality control and evaluation of the preparation.
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Objective To evaluate the role of complement receptor 3 (CR3) on murine macrophages in the recognition of Penicillium marneffei.Methods RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells were cultured in vitro,and divided into four groups to be cocultured with inactivated and live Penicillium mameffei yeast cells as well as inactivated and live Penicillium marneffei conidia respectively at 37 ℃ in 5％ CO2 for one hour.The RAW264.7 cells incubated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as the blank control group.Then,reverse transcription-PCR was conducted to detect CR3 mRNA expression,Western blot to measure CR3 protein expression,flow cytometry to determine phagocytosis rate,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify cytokine levels in culture supernatant.Some RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with a specific siRNA targeting CR3 gene and cocultured with inactivated Penicillium marneffei conidia,subsequently,phagocytosis rate and supematant cytokine levels were determined.Data were processed by the SPSS 16.0 software,and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for inter-group comparisons of these parameters.Results No significant differences were observed in the mRNA or protein expressions of CR3 among the four groups of RAW264.7 cells cocuhured with different forms of Penicillium marneffei (both P ＞ 0.05).The phagocytosis rate was 95.14％,89.56％,91.03％ and 90.78％ in RAW264.7 cells cocultured with inactivated conidia and yeast cells,as well as live conidia and yeast cells of Penicillium marneffei,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of interleukin (IL)-2,interferon (IFN)-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 in culture supernatant were increased at different degrees after one-hour coculture in the four coculture groups compared with the blank control group,but no statistical difference was noted among the four coculture groups in the supernatant levels of these cytokines (all P ＞ 0.05).After coculture with inactivated Penicillium marneffei conidia,the siRNA-transfected RAW264.7 cells showed a statistical decrease in phagocytosis rate (10.89％ vs.92.78％,P ＜ 0.05) and supernatant levels of IL-2,IFN-γ IL-4 and IL-10 compared with untransfected RAW264.7 cells.Conclusions In early stage of innate immunity,CR3 on macrophages may be one of the pattern recognition receptors participating in the recognition and mediation of phagocytosis of Penicillium marneffei.It's possible that both Thl-and Th2-type cytokines,such as IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10,are involved in the immune response of macrophages against Penicillium marneffei.
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The present study visualized the knowledge map of research hotspots and changes of keywords by importing literatures from The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000 ～ 2011) into CiteSpace.Analysis of the research hotspots (keywords),evolution of clinical nutrition,and front-line research based on tf-idf algorithm was then performed.
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ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and tolerability of 1-week 1％ terbinafine hydrochloride cream, 1- and 4-week 2％ miconazole nitrate cream in the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis, and to observe the relapse in patients treated with these regimens. MethodsA multi-center, randomized, double-blind and parallel group study was conducted. By using a stratified randomization protocol, patients were divided into 3 groups to apply terbinafine cream twice daily for 1 week and inert cream(placebo) for the next 3 weeks (1week terbinafine group), miconazole cream twice daily for 1 week and inert cream(placebo) for the next 3 weeks (1-week miconazole group), and miconazole cream twice daily for 4 weeks (4-week miconazole group),respectively. Clinical and mycological assessment was made on week 1, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 12 after the initiation of treatment. ResultsA total of 152 patients with positive baseline mycological culture were eligible for the efficacy analysis. After 4-week treatment, the mycological cure rates were 94.7％, 87.8％ and 82.6％, global effective rates 89.5％, 81.6％ and 63.0％, respectively for the 1-week terbinafine group, 4-week miconazole group and 1-week miconazole group. On week 12, the mycological relapse rates in 1-week terbinafine, 4-week miconazole and 1-week miconazole group were 13％, 14％ and 21％ respectively, and the incidence of adverse reaction was 2.38％, 2.38％ and 3.57％, respectively. ConclusionsAs far as the efficacy and recurrence in patients are concerned, the 1-week terbinafine cream regimen is similar to the 4-week miconazole cream regimen for the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis.
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Objective To study the chemical constituents of flavonoids in pine needles of Cedrus deodara.Methods Flavonoids were isolated and purified from ethyl acetate extract of pine needles by chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20.Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.Results Five flavonoids were isolated and purified.Their structures were identified as cedrusone A(1),myricetin(2),2R,3R-dihydromyricetin(3),quercctin(4),and 2R,3R-dihydroquercetin(5).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.Compounds 2-5 are isolated from pine needles of this genus for the first time.
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Objective To detect the mutations in connexin genes in a family with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia(HED)complicated by pseudo-ainhum.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from a 20-year-old patient with HED complicated by pseudo-ainhum,and from his unaffected sister.Total DNA was extracted from these samples,and PCR was performed to amplify the partial coding region of GJB2,GJB5 and GJB6 genes.Subsequently.PCR products were bidirectionally sequenced in both subjects.Results No mutation was detected in GJB5 or GJB6 gene in either subjects.Two mutations (V27I and V37I)were detected in the GJB2 gene in the patient but not in his sister.Conclusion The mutation in the GJB6 gene may be absent in patients with HED;there might be other genes involved in the pathogenesis.
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Objective To evaluate VITEK2 Advanced Expert System (AES) for detection and analysis of clinically important beta-lactam phenotypes.Methods 124 known resistant phenotype strains including Staphylococcus spp, E.coli, Klebsiella spp. and Ent. cloacae were tested by VITEK2 AES. Results The resistant phenotypes for methicillin susceptible, and resistant Staphylococcus spp, producing ESBL E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Ent. cloacae isolates, and inducible AmpC and hyperproduced AmpC Ent. cloacae isolates can be accurately identified by VITEK2 AES. The most Ent. cloacae strains for both producing ESBLs and hyperproduced AmpC were partially identified.Conclusion VITEK2 AES can be accurately identified most clinically important beta-lactam phenotypes and suggested additional therapeutic correction based on phenotype. Certain problems for Ent. cloacae in the study should be remediable with further work on AES.
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Objective To approach a simple identification method for clinical Burkholderia cepacia isolates.Methods Thirty eight clinical isolates and 5 referenc strains were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. A simple method presented here included TSI agar, oxidase test, pigmentation test, catalase test and antibiograms.Results All but one B. cepacia isolate identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods were identified correctly by our method. One non B. Cepacia isolate identified by the genotypic method was identified as Burkholderia spp. by phenotyic and our methods.Conculsion The method we presented here was simple, practical for identification of clinical B. cepacia isolates.
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Objective To elucidate the clinicopathological characteristic, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of systemic amyloidosis. Methods An inpatient diagnosed as systemic amyloidosis was analyzed for clinical and pathological features as well as laboratory findings. The related literature was reviewed. Results The patient was confirmed to have amyloidosis of the muscle. Muscle involvement was the most prominent and first manifestation, and the patient had widespread visceral involvements, which included cardiovascular system, kidney, respiratory as well as gastrointestinal tracts and tongue. The biopsy of the muscle, mucosa of stomach and intestine, and cutaneous tissue revealed amyloid material deposited in the skeletal and smooth muscle as well as vessel walls. Conclusion Amyloid myopathy is a rare manifestation in systemic amyloidosis. Skeletal muscle weakness and stiffening may be an important clue to the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis.
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Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of direct relaxant effects of propofol on tracheal smooth muscle.Methods Nine Japanese long-ear white rabbits of either sex, weighing 2-3 kg were sacrificed by air embolism. The trachea of each rabbit was removed and cut into six strips of (6-8) mm x (12-15) mm. The tracheal strips were suspended in Kreb' s solution, exposed to 95 % O2 and 5 % CO2 mixture and maintained at 37℃. One end of strip was fixed and the other was connected to a tension monitor through a tension transducer. The experiment was divided into six groups: group I propofol; group Ⅱ propofol + indothelin; group Ⅲp Ⅴ propofol + verapamil and group Ⅵ propofol + glibenclamide. In each group the tracheal strips were precontracted with acetylcholine (10-5 mol? L-1). The strips were then exposed to increasing concentrations of propofol (5 ? 10-3 , 10-2 ,2.5 ? 10-2 , 5 ? 10-2 , 10-1 mg?ml-1 ). At each concentration of propofol, the change in muscle tension was allowed to reach the steady state for 30 min. In group I no other drug was added to the Kreb' s solution besides propofol, while in group Ⅱ-Ⅵ before the effects of propofol were determined, the strips were pretreated with indothelin (10-4 mol? ml-1 ) (in group Ⅱ), L-NAME(10-4 mol?ml-1) (in group Ⅲ), methylene blue (10-5 mol?ml-1) (in group Ⅳ), verapamil (10-5 mol?ml-1) (in group Ⅴ) or glibenclamide (10-5 mol?ml-1) (in group Ⅵ). Results The three concentrations of propofol examined (2.5?10-2, 5?10-2 and 10-1 mg?ml-1) produced relaxation of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. In group Ⅱ , Ⅲ , Ⅳand Ⅴ pretreatment of tracheal strips with indothelin, L-NAME, methylene blue or verapamil did not significantly affect the relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle induced by propofol as compared with group Ⅰ. Pretreatment with glibenclamide significantly depressed the direct relaxant effect of propofol on tracheal smooth muscle ( P